When completed, Titanic was 882' 8" long (268
meters) and 92' 0" wide. Her draft (required water depth) was 59.5 feet She had 8
steel decks and a cellular double bottom. She was fitted with 2 bilge keels amidships,
295.75 feet long that projected 25 inches from the sides of the hull that also served the
purpose of preventing a rolling motion at sea.
One interesting note, an engineer in 1912 theorized from reports of water coming in
through Titanic's bottom as well as her side, that this may have been caused by Titanic's
starboard bilge keel making contact with the iceberg and ramming it up through her double
bottom.
More recent studies on iron hull plate samples taken from the wreck site suggest that
manufactured iron at the turn of the century may have contained a high sulfer content.
It's believed that iron containing certain levels of sulfer may become brittle when
exposed to cold water. This could have contributed to some of the hull damage when Titanic
made contact with the berg.
The latest progress in marine technology was featured onboard Titanic. She was fitted with
a Parson's low pressure turbine engine as well as tripple expansion reciprocating steam
engines. The reciprocating engines ran at 75 rpm and generated 30,000 horse power. The
thought was more power achievement without the use or requirement of additional steam. The
turbine engine drove Titanic's center propeller and the reciprocating engines drove her
two port and starboard wing propellers. The turbine ran at 165 rpm and generated 16,000
hose power. The wing props were 23' 6" in diameter and the turbine prop was 17'
0". Her top speed was 23-24 knots.
She was fitted with 4 - 400 kilowatt dynamo's or generators that produced 16,000 amps at
100 volts. These dynamos were attached to over 200 miles of electrical wiring. 10,000
lightbulbs lit the ship.
The ship was fitted with 29 boilers and 159 furnaces. (24 double ended boilers and 5 single ended boilers) Over 8,000 tons of coal filled her coal bunkers. The coal fired furnaces heated water in the boilers to generate steam. The steam (215 psi) was then funneled to the tripple expansion engines. Once the steam entered the engine cylinder it created the necessary power to turn the propellers. If the turbine was not in use, such as reverse orders to the helm or entering or leaving port, lost steam would condense in evaporaters and the water would be returned to the boilers. Controlling the amount of steam fed to the engines controlled the speed of the ship. Exhaust was vented through Titanic's first 3 funnels, the fourth was a dummy funnel used for ventilation and storage. Many Titanic enthusiasts enjoy pointing out errors in various Titanic movies and artwork by noticing smoke coming from the 4th funnel.
Titanic was fitted 3,560 lifevests (lifejackets) and
had 48 ringbouys (lifebouys) dispersed around the ship. She carried 20 boats total.
Fourteen 30' x 9' x 4' lifeboats swung on the new double acting Welin davits with Murrays
disengaging gear that could carry 65 persons each, Two 25' x 7' x 3' wooden cutters that
could accomodate 40 persons each, and four Englehardt collapsibles 27' x 8' x 3' that
would carry 47 persons. It was calculated that the ship would have needed 48 lifeboats to
accommodate all on board.
She was further divided into 16 compartments by 15 transverse watertight bulkheads (walls)
comprising 1/2 inch thick steel. 12 watertight doors separated the compartments that could
be activated manually, by a water detecting float near the deck, or by the flip of a
switch on the bridge that would disconnect the electrical current holding the doors open
by powerful electromagnets, enabling them to close in about 25 seconds.
Titanic's hungry furnaces consumed 825 tons of coal
per day, generating 51,000 horse power. During normal operating speeds, Titanic's steam
pressure was set to function at 215 psi. Reciprocating engine revolutions were 77 per
minute and her turbine revolutions were 127 per minute. 14,000 gallons of drinking water
were used each 24 hours.
Titanic's final fittings were completed on April 2, 1912. Her maiden voyage began with the
Southampton departure at 12:15 P.M. on April 10, 1912. (originally scheduled March 20,
1912) Her final port of call was Queenstown, Ireland (now Cobh) with 2,228 passengers and
crew headed for White Star Line's Pier 59 in New York City, a destination that would never
be reached. Titanic's official port of registry was Liverpool and the ship was actually
operated by Ismay, Imrie and Company, a subdivision of the Oceanic Steam Navigation
Company, parent company of the White Star Line which was in turn a controlled intrest
owned by the International Mercantile Marine, an American owned company.
Titanic was even fitted with a unique fire detection system, a 1912 version of a smoke
detector. Near the bridge was the ship's master fire station. A fireman was stationed
there 24 hours a day and was never more that 6 feet away from his post. Positioned on the
bulkhead of this station was an airtight glass case. Little tubes entered this case from
secondary fire stations positioned throughout the ship. A suction system drew air from the
stations back into the glass case. A filament of foil was in the case to let the observer
know that the suction was activated by vibrating back and forth from the air flow. If
smoke were present in a room that contained a secondary fire station inlet tube, it would
eventually be sucked up into the glass case and form a little ball of smoke that resembled
a ball of wool. The lead fireman would then telephone deckhands at the secondary stations
and order them to check for smoke or fire. Hydrants and fire hose were strategically
placed throughout the ship.